Vocabulary# 16

desalination getting fresh water from seawater.

water cycle   the continuous movement of water between Earth's surface and the air , changing from liquid to gas to liquid

groundwater  water that seeps into the ground into spaces between bits of rock and soil.

water table the top of the water-filled spaces in the ground.

aquifer an underground layer of rock or soil filled with water.

spring  a place where groundwater seeps out of the ground . 

well    a hole drug below the water table that water seeps into

reservoir a storage area for freshwater supplies.

Vocabulary # 15

renewable resources a resource that can be replaced in a short period time.

ozone layer a layer of ozone gas in the atmosphere that screens out much of the Sun's UV rays.

fossil fuel  a fuel formed fromed from the decay of ancient forms of life.

smog a mixture of smoke and fog.

acid rain  moisture that falls to Earth after being mixed with wates from burned fossil fuels

Vocabulary#14

rock a natuarally formed solid in crust, made of one or more minerals.

igneous rock  a rock formed when melted rock  material cools.

sedimentary rock  a rock made of bits of matter joined together.

fossil any remains or imprint of living things of the past.

metamorphic rock  a rock formed under heat and pressure from another kind of rock.

humus  decayed animal or plant material soil.

pollution  adding any harmful substances to Earth's land, water, or air.

rock cycle rocks changing from one form into another in a never-ending processes.

Vocabulary#13

mineral: asolid material of Earth's crust with definite composition.

luster: the way light bounces off a mineral´s surface.

streak: the color of the powder left when a  mineral is rubbed againts hard, rought surface.                                                                                                                                     

hardness: how well a mineral resist scratching.                    

cleavege: the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces. 

ore: a mineral containing a useful substance.    

gem: a mineral valued fore being rare and beautiful.      

nonrenewable resource: a resource that cannot be replaced within a short period of time o at all.    

Vocabulary#12

fault: a crack in the crust, whose sides show evidence of motion.

geologist: a scientist who studies Earth.

magma: hot, molten rock deep below Earth's surface.

lava: magma that reaches the surface.

weathering: the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces.

erosion: the picking up and carrying away of pieces of rock.

deposition: the drooping off of bits of eroded rock.

meteorite: a chunk of rock from space that strikes a surface ( such as Earth or the Moon)

Vocabulary#11

solar system: the sun and the objects that are traveling around it.

Planet: any of the eight large bodies that travel around the Sun and shine by reflecting its light.

Gravity: a force of attraction, or pull, between any objects around it.

Inertia: the tendecy of a moving object to keep moving in a straight line.

lithosphere: Land's Earth.

crust: the rocky surface that makes up the lithosphere.

resources: any material that helps support life on Earth.

hydrosphere: Earth's water

Vocabulary #10

Kinetic energy: the energy of a moving object.

Potential energy: energy stored in an object or material.

Conduction: movement of energy from a hot object that comes into contact with a cooler object; the materiaL remains in place.

Convention: movement of energy by the flow of matter from place to

place.

radiation: movement of energy ion the form of waves that can travel through empty space.

wet cell battery: a battery containing liquid soluction that produces the electric current.

dry cell battery: a battery that uses " dry chemicals" to produce an electric current.